Using the Passive Voice in Spanish

The passive voice is an approach to structuring sentence that is used in both Spanish and English, although English speakers are more likely to use it. A sentence in which the subject of the main verb is also acted on by the verb is in the passive voice. We can also say that the verb is in the passive voice. A common use of the passive voice is to indicate what happened to the subject of the sentence without saying who or what carried out the action (although the actor can be indicated in a prepositional phrase). How the Passive Voice Is Used One reason the passive voice is much more common in English is because Spanish often uses reflexive verbs where English uses the passive voice. Writing experts usually advise against using the passive voice unnecessarily, because the active voice comes across as more lively and does a better job of conveying action. In English, the passive voice is formed by using a form of the verb to be followed by the past participle. It is the same in Spanish, where a form of ser is followed by the past participle. The past participle in such cases is modified if necessary to agree in number and gender with the subject of the sentence. The passive voice is known in Spanish as la voz pasiva. Sample Sentences Showing the Passive Voice Spanish Sentences Las computadoras fueron vendidas. Note that the subject of the sentence (computadoras) is also the object acted on. Note also that the usual way of stating this would be using a reflexive construction, se vendieron las computadoras, literally, the computers sold themselves.El coche serà ¡ manejado por mi padre. Note that the person performing the action isnt the subject of the sentence, but is the object of a prepositional phrase. This sentence is less likely to be said in Spanish than its equivalent in English would be. More common in Spanish would be the active voice: Mi padre manejarà ¡ el coche. Corresponding Examples in English The computers were sold. Note that in neither language does the sentence indicate who sold the computers.The car will be driven by my father. Note that the car is the subject of the sentence; the sentence would be complete without the prepositional phrase, by my father, which indicates who is performing the action of the verb.

Finding Morality and Unity with God in Dantes Inferno Essay

Finding Morality and Unity with God in Dantes Inferno Throughout the fast-paced lives of people, we are constantly making choices that shape who we are, as well as the world around us; however, one often debates the manner in which one should come to correct moral decisions, and achieve a virtuous existence. Dante has an uncanny ability to represent with such precision, the trials of the everyman’s soul to achieve morality and find unity with God, while setting forth the beauty, humor, and horror of human life. Dante immediately links his own personal experience to that of all of humanity, as he proclaims, â€Å"Midway along the journey of our life / I woke to find myself in a dark wood, / for I had wandered off from the straight path†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦However, the illusiveness of the idea of Dante feeling pity toward the transgressors is delineated as Dante proceeds into the more brutal levels of hell. Virgil must remind Dante that â€Å"In this place piety lives when pity is dead / for who could be more wic ked than that man / who tries to bend divine will to his own† (XX. 28). As the magnitude of the sins increase, Dante condemns the sinners, and the pity he feels for them lessens. Virgil suggests with no demur, that sin should be despised wholeheartedly, and one should not pity the justice meted out to sinners. To pity their suffering demonstrates a lack of understanding. Dante tries to attain the capacity to transcend his own limitations and reach a new level of self-knowledge, as he has gone astray from the right path to God. This moral journey through foul darkness opens Dante’s eyes to how evil works in our lives and helps him to begin to understand what is truly good. The notions of sin and falsity verses truth and virtue are barefaced and transparent. Naturally, anyone is fully capable of discerning right from wrong and knows what is morally right, but faces his greatest problem in willing to do so. A major struggle in the poem is that of one’s obedience to God’s will. God’s will is universal and supremely powerful. Humankind, by exercising free will, will fashion either a rewarding or punishing justice upon themselves. At the stage in Dante’s earthly

Tqm-an Approach Toward Good Governance Free Essays

Total Quality Management An Approach towards Good Governance By *Uzma Akbar **Akbar S. Awan *FOUNDATION University Institute of Management and Computer Sciences Newlalazar, Rawalpindi. Pakistan **Principle WAH Engineering College, University of WAH WAH Cantt, Pakistan 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Tqm-an Approach Toward Good Governance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction The federal government of Pakistan (GOP) is presently organized into 48 divisions, 173 attached departments and 203 autonomous/semi-autonomous bodies (including public corporations, public sector banks and other public sector organizations). In addition to this, it also employs a military force of 0. 65 million. It spends billion of rupees, and directly or indirectly, accounts for major part of our national economy. The GOP executes its non-defense related constitutional responsibilities through some 450,000 civil servants. These are further spread through 17,700 civil servants organized in federal secretariat, 113,000 civil servants in federal attached departments and subordinate offices, 122,500 employees of Pakistan Railway and 196,800 employees in the autonomous bodies, public corporations and financial institutions. [1] Our public sector departments have created enormous financial burden on our limited national exchequer. They still adhere to obsolete management practices which have been abandoned by most of the civilized countries. Leaving side a few organizations, our public sector is not thinking to improve the quality of services, whereas the crushing national debt calls for urgent cuts in cost of public functionaries. Poor management in federal government has serious consequences. Money is wasted, programs do not work, and Projects do not start or remain uncompleted for many years. That is why Pakistani customers see and observe but cannot complain. All the complaints remain unnoticed; all suggestions for improvement never get any response. Inside the government as well bad management stifles the morale of internal customer and system over there is designed to kill the initiative. The administrative management of our Government needs overhauling. The time has come to radically change the way, government operates. 2. Total Quality in Government By Total Quality in government we mean lean, decentralized and innovative government where people are flexible, adaptive, and quick to learn new ways when conditions change. They use customer choice and competition to get things done as creatively and effectively as possible. So when we talk about quality management in Federal Government, we too must rely on market based incentives with less focus on conventional new programs. The concept of Total Quality Government goes beyond cost cutting in government. It is adopted to apply the principles and tools of TQM. Many organizations have been successful with their TQM initiatives and derived such benefits as reducing costs, increasing productivity and customer satisfaction. 3. TQM Application By adopting TQM we will be able to provide the philosophy, mindset, tools and methodologies to â€Å"Transform† effectively. The use of TQM which refers to: †¢ Performance measurement of organizations †¢ Customer management †¢ Process control †¢ Continuous improvement programs †¢ Best management practices This has proved to be an effective strategy for improving the performance of not only Government organizations but also public administrations. [2] TQM is seen as the most comprehensive approach to Quality thinkable for an enterprise. The pillars of Total Quality Management are T Q M: †¢ T stands for Total. It is the Integration of the Staff, Suppliers, Customers and other Stakeholders. Away from Party-specific Thinking to a more holistic approach. †¢ Q stands for Quality. It is the Quality of the work and the process of the Enterprise leading to Quality of Products. †¢ M for Management. It stresses the leadership task â€Å"Quality† and the Quality of leadership. From the enterprises point of view TQM can be seen as a Leadership Model. There is no single theoretical formalization of total quality, but philosophers provide the core assumptions, as: â€Å"Discipline and philosophy of management which institutionalizes planned and continuous improvement . It assumes that quality is the outcome of all activities that take place within an organization; that all functions and all employees have to participate in the improvement process; that organizations need both quality systems and a quality culture. † [3] 4. Quality Management Systems and Tools Systems and tools systematically inculcate and reinforce the TQ culture within an organization. QM starts with philosophical base-systems and tools are relevant after the philosophy is established. Most of the TQM efforts fail because organizations try to implement TQM techniques (Tools and Systems) without adopting the TQM philosophy. They start the journey from the wrong point. Instead of starting with the philosophy they try to first use the tools and the systems without ensuring that at the very minimum, the philosophy is absorbed by the top management. [4] 5. The Concept of Continuous Improvement by TQM TQM is mainly concerned with continuous improvement in all work, from high level strategic planning and decision-making, to detailed execution of work elements on the shop floor. It stems from the belief that mistakes can be avoided and defects can be prevented. It leads to continuously improving results, in all aspects of work, as a result of continuously improving capabilities, people, processes, and technology and machine capabilities. 6. Experience of Other countries Under the cover of TQM, US business and political leaders turned to quality to stay competitive on world market or to reclaim their host markets. Meanwhile like many other agencies, the US defense organizations faced, budget cutbacks and reduced staff. Using Quality management, however these organizations streamlined producers in man areas, increasing morale and saved an impressive amount of money. 5] The Government of Pakistan should try to adopt the process of Total Quality management as the core of its management style to solve its problem and re-structure. Such a strategy is being used in the entire European Union, USA, Japan and other developed countries for sustaining their economic growth. 7. Problems for Quality Initiative in Federal Government Improving service qual ity without increasing costs is more difficult to achieve in the public sector than it is in the private sector because elected officials must attempt continuously to balance the multiple conflicting goals of diverse interest groups. Over a decade ago Peter Drucker identified six barriers to productivity improvement. These are: †¢ Lack of clear performance targets †¢ Trying to do too many things at once †¢ Solving problems by throwing people at them †¢ Lack of experimental attitude †¢ Lack of elevation so nothing is learned from it †¢ Reluctance to abandon programs [6] If two or more sins are committed simultaneously, then they may lead to program failure. In short the quality approaches requires fundamental changes in traditional management role. Most individuals and organizations in the public sector will find these changes very difficult to implement. Our Public sector organizations are facing more monumental hurdles because: †¢ The discipline of a competitive global market place that provides incentive for radical changes to business, industry and other managers is missing in our government †¢ In many instances, our government prefers to act as protector for enforcement of policies based on political and social grounds. This leads to treat efficiency as secondary. †¢ The major barrier to accelerating quality management in government is the lack of strong consensus for change among top officials. They find little time for management issues unless problems directly invade on concerns of administration. 8. Objectives for implementing TQM Principles in Government Organizations The quality of governance and government is the top enabler of rapid economic growth and strength of a country. Government must fulfill: †¢ Politically defined missions †¢ Enhance social values †¢ Deliver critical public goods to citizens The ability of the state to provide efficient and customer focused institution is fundamental to vibrant and broad based markets. In Pakistan there is a public perception that government institution â€Å"Over promise and under deliver†. There is false impression in the public sector about what is meant by ‘efficient and customer focused institutions’. Total Quality Management or TQM refers to various approaches for improving the performance of organizations. Improvements and objectives for implementation of TQM principles in Government of Pakistan (GOP) organizations are as follows: [7] †¢ Provide Platform for launching ‘Good Governance’ Program: In Pakistan due to the lack of any organized models, process, leadership and legal frameworks; this aim could not be achieved. Measuring, controlling and mproving performance is specialized function to be addressed on professional basis rather than political grounds. In our country most of problems arise due to the political involvement of individuals. All developed countries tackle good governance through an organizational structure with the aid of professional and legal models. †¢ Citizen satisfaction Index: The citizens Satisfaction In dex of Public assessing the government organizations and offices must be raised continuously. Presently there is no formal method to measure Citizen Satisfaction Index i-e performance of the government. For example, the US government in early 90’s started an organized campaign. They set the target to raise the CSI from 67% to 80% in subsequent time of 4 years. They launched a program called â€Å"Reinventing the government† and were successful in raising the CSI close to their target. The GOP needs to establish a framework for good governance and lay the foundation for improving the quality and productivity of public sector. This includes measuring, controlling and improving the performance of government that shall lead to overall increase in Citizen Satisfaction[8] Raising the Quality and Productivity Levels of GOP: With the changing global scenario, the rapidly developing countries in ASEAN, are giving high priority to improving the quality and productivity levels of Governments. GOP has still not laid any professional foundation for improving its quality and productivity. The Government should join hands with nations with highly efficient and effective government of fices. For this purpose training of the Heads of Departments, Promotional Campaigns and performance based rewards, (according to TQM) should be launched. Linking between Federal and Provincial Governments: The link of quality and productivity must be established between the federal Government and all the four provinces of Pakistan. This means continuity of performance goals for the higher authority. [9] 9. Requirements of TQM in Government Top Management Commitment Commitment from top management may be the most critical factor in the success of any programs. In any government organization the senior management’s commitment is essential and stimulates the implementation of a TQM program. Often, the first step is to convince senior managers of the financial and wider benefits and overcome any barriers that they may have. One of the best ways to do this is to identify obvious areas of cost reduction and environmental improvement and where to make immediate savings through no-cost or low-cost measures. This core element in Total Quality Management system model addresses management commitment. Top management must not only give a lead to the rest of the organization but also ensure that the necessary decisions and actions are taken. Only top management has the motivation and the power to effect changes. 10] Employee Involvement The government should try to introduce new course of action in which the communication between the top management and employees increases. They should talk to as many employees as possible about their opinions relating to TQ implementation. Through this act top management will be able to assess their knowledge level and what bugs them about the ini tiatives they have seen in the past. Employees should be asked to give suggestions so that they would be more involved and supportive new programs. TQM process covers the whole organization so all people will feel their ownership in this case. [11] Cultural Transformation The full potential of TQM requires a fundamental cultural change. An organization’s culture is the way organization behaves. It is the way everybody walks, talks, thinks and acts in everyday life. The culture of quality organization supports and nourishes the improvement efforts of every group and individual in the organization. The cultural change of an agency to TQM requires the courage and commitment of leadership in order to implement a vision of values, ideas, goals and processes. Total Quality Government encourages the manager who innovates and motivates the workers who are free to improve and make decisions. But changing the culture is a lot harder than changing the rules and regulations. This is possible by: †¢ Creating new incentives to accomplish more, through competition and customer choice †¢ Shifting focus of control that is empowering employees to use their judgment, supporting them with the tools they need †¢ Liberating agencies from burden of over regulations and control Building Awareness TQM generates a whole new corporate culture with an emphasis on customer satisfaction, a goal of continual improvement, and commitment to team-building and employee participation at all levels. In a quality organization, the vision, values and systems must be consistent with, and complementary to each other. [12] Empowerment Decentralizing the power to make decisions will energize our government to do everything smart, better, faster and cheaper. GOP policy makers should follow this decentralized approach. This style may reduce or eliminate employee frustration, increase sense of belonging and enhance morale and productivity of an entire organization. 10. Present Situation in Pakistan Pakistan National Accreditation Council (PNAC): This is the main accreditation body in Pakistan responsible for accreditation of certification agencies, inspection agencies, system auditors and laboratories. It was established in 1999 and became operational in 2001. Its annual budget in 2003-04 was around Rs. 12 million. Out of this Rs. 3. 9 million was used for non-development and Rs. 8. 7 million was used for development. Its manpower is 37 persons. Listed below the table gives a comparison of Pakistan’s conformity assessment with India: | | Pakistan |India | | | |Responsible Organization: |Responsible Organization: | | |Reference |Pakistan National Accreditation |Quality Council of India | |Responsibilities |Standards |Council | | | | |(Status) | | | | | |(Status) | |Number of accredited |ISO 17025 | 3 | 400 | |Laboratories | | | | |Number of accredited |ISO Guides 62,66 | 2 | 14 | |Certification Agencies | | | | |Quality Auditor Registration |ISO 17022 | Nil | Nil | |Accreditation Body’s own |ISO Guide 58/61 |In Process | Yes | |competence and Adoption | | | | Prognosis of above table clearly point towards the lack of performance of PNAC (Pakistan National Accreditation Council). Due to poor performance of this important government organization, weak accreditation has resulted in untrustworthy ISO’s certification. This in turn has affected the following aspects: †¢ Low creditability of certification agencies †¢ Testing facilities †¢ Inspection agencies †¢ Un-regulated quality culture †¢ Poor reputation [13] 11. Recommendations The analysis and appraisal of the National and Global scenario clearly leads to following recommendations: †¢ National Performance Improvement Committee. There must be a pool of national experts in key industrial and social sectors drawn from across the country on merit basis. The committee should provide top class expertise for creating a vision and guidance to all the government organizations. The members of the council should be selected purely on professional and leadership grounds. †¢ Development of Public Sector Institutions. The GOP should try to focus on developing clear and concise mission statements and set goals/target for public sector institutions. This conceptual orientation will guide both the strategic direction of the organization and shake the day to day decisions about what the departments do and how they do it. †¢ Differentiation of Performance and Output. There should be clear demarcation between these two aspects. The performance report should be accepted if the source of collecting and reporting is reliable. It should invariably be related to organizational goals and objectives. The name of the game is ‘Performance Audit’. †¢ Public Accountability. All government organizations/institutions should be open to public scrutiny and accountability through the competent bodies such as parliamentary committees on various facets of government activities. †¢ Restructuring of Regulatory Mechanism. Traditional regulatory policy should be restructured into softer approaches for the purpose of promoting competitiveness and ensuring protection of environment and overall safety of the society. †¢ Use of Information Technology. This powerful tool of governance will help our government executives to break down isolatory layers and expedite the delivery of services. New management system can transform our government. It will not only make it more productive but also cut the cost of government. †¢ Adoption of Customer first Approach. The quality organizations must learn to listen to the customers and help customers articulate their needs. Public sector department need to restructure their basic and routine functions to meet the customer need. †¢ Redefine the role of Auditors. Performance auditors should change their approach from pure inspection and auditing to helping the government departments to learn to perform better †¢ De-regulation and Empowerment. Federal and provincial Government should empower public agencies and institutions. Time tested principle of â€Å"authority commensurate with responsibility† should never be lost sight of. †¢ Re-engineering the Work and Office routines. The organizations should re-examine their programs and routines with a view to eliminating duplication of efforts and giving up obsolete ways of doing business. †¢ Facilitation of Economic Activity. Favorable environment should be created for public and private sector companies for their growth and expansion in the world market. Support Entrepreneurial Activity. The GOP should make an endeavor to be in-step with global developments in the realm of business and public policy. Support positive initiatives required for industries and firms to continuous ly adapt and adjust their organizations and structures. For this we need to implement policies which move from conformity to competitiveness 12. Conclusion The extent to which various public sector organizations the values, principles and practices of TQM are variable in the extreme. In actual there is more talk than action so far. Many organizations still have no clear idea of the potential and purpose behind utilizing TQM. There are definite signs of eagerness on the part of public managers to move faster. The lack of organization-wide leadership, in quality is however the main stumbling block. It is too early to tell how our citizens would react and perhaps even would care to react on the direct benefits resulting from the government’s quality initiatives. Nevertheless the race for quality in government sector organizations is far from over; it has just begun. Bibliography 1. Tichey, N. (1983). Managing Strategic Change. New York: John Wiley Sons. 2. Mathew, S. (1973). â€Å"Total Quality Management in the Industrial Sector,† National Productivity Review. 3. Hill Stephen, (1991). Why Quality Circles failed but Total Quality management might succeed. † British journal of industrial relations. 4. James R. Evans and William M. Lindsay â€Å"The Management and Control of Quality†. Sixth Edition. 5. Dale H. Besterfield, Carol Besterfield-Michna, Mary Besterfield-Sacre and Glen H . Besterfield. â€Å"Total Quality Management†. Third Edition 6. â€Å"Top Management Commitment for TQM-A Process Model† by Nadeem Yousaf 7. â€Å"Quality, Productivity and Standards† by Working Group for MTDF. 8. â€Å"Total Quality in Government-Issues and Realities† by Dr. Ali Sajid 9. â€Å"An Overview on Implementing TQM in Developing Countries† by Kamran Moosa, Head Pakistan Institute of Quality Control 0. â€Å"Gaining Perspectives: the future of TQM in Public sectors† by Madhav N. Sinha 11. â€Å"TQM Implementation in Pakistan-Revolutionary Vs Evolutionary Approach† by Dr. Jamshed Khan. ———————– [1] â€Å"Total Quality in Government-Issues and Realities† by Dr. Ali Sajid [2] â€Å"Quality, Productivity and Standards† by Working Group for MTDF. [3] Dale H. Besterfield, Carol Besterfield-Michna, Mary Besterfield-Sacre and Glen H. Besterfield. â€Å"Total Qua lity Management†. Third Edition [4] â€Å"TQM Implementation in Pakistan-Revolutionary Vs Evolutionary Approach † by Dr. Jamshed Khan [5] â€Å"Total Quality in Government-Issues and Realities† by Dr. Ali Sajid [6] â€Å"Total Quality in Government-Issues and Realities† by Dr. Ali Sajid [7] â€Å"Quality, Productivity and Standards† by Working Group for MTDF. [8],â€Å"Quality, Productivity and Standards† by Working Group for MTDF. [9] â€Å"Quality, Productivity and Standards† by Working Group for MTDF. [10] â€Å"Top Management Commitment for TQM-A Process Model† by Nadeem Yousaf [11] James R. Evans and William M. Lindsay â€Å"The Management and Control of Quality†. Sixth Edition. [12] â€Å"An Overview on Implementing TQM in Developing Countries† by Kamran Moosa, Head Pakistan Institute of Quality Control [13] â€Å"Quality, Productivity and Standards† by Working Group for MTDF. How to cite Tqm-an Approach Toward Good Governance, Papers

Cultural Displacement In Canadian LiteratureRohinton Mistry S free essay sample

Squatter Essay, Research Paper Rohinton Mistry is known as a post-colonial author. His Hagiographas reflect the Indian diaspora # 8211 ; the splitting of individuality. On the one manus, his characters dream of being integrated into, and accepted by, Canadian society. On the other manus, these same characters are lacerate my an insatiate desire to be true to their native civilization, to honor and care for their ain, distinguishable cultural individuality. This is the subject of Squatter. Rohinton Mistry uses sarcasm and symbolic imagination to try to convert his readers harm, he feels, that can come of hybridisation. His short narratives are really superimposed, showing the reader with many images stand foring the duality of the Indian versus the Canadian ( Western ) civilization. At the beginning of the narrative, Nariman s character is depicted as 1 who has been greatly influenced by the Western civilization and stuff goods ( 1932 Mercedes-Benz, which he called the apple of his oculus, whistling of an English vocal, Clark Gable moustache # 8211 ; page728 ) . Ironically, he presents his hearers with two really distinguishable narratives: one stand foring the demand to remain strong and resist conformation, and the 2nd, the narrative of Sarosh and the disaffection that ( can ) come out of integrating with the Canadian civilization. When depicting the compound in which the Parsi sub-culture lives, Mistry presents the reader with an image of a dreary topographic point, a topographic point with blocks, which compels me to visualize the composite as a sort-of prison, with cell blocks and an Fe gate where the watcher stood ( 730 ) . The fact that Mistry integrates words from his native linguistic communication within the English text farther illustrates the demand of a post-colonial author to subtly defy the expected conformation to the linguistic communication of the maestro ( Shakespeare s Caliban illustration ) in order to be canonized into the kingdom of Canadian literature. In his first narrative, Nariman tells of Savukshaw, the greatest of them all ( 728 ) , and his game of Cricket against the English. This narrative outlines the changeless battle between civilizations and races and one civilization s desire to endeavor to stay ( and to be seen as an ) person and strong. Examples included on page 731 # 8211 ; English had to maintain reproducing balls in order to replace those destroyed by Savukshaw s strength ( symbol of will ) ; a saddhu gave him the secret to do his chiropteran strong plenty to keep up against strain and force per unit area ( strength of chiropteran used to strike back against subjugation by imperialism ) ; Savukshaw s advice about pattern, tonss of pattern represents the changeless finding needed to stay loyal and true to oneself, and to win back lost individualism. The 2nd narrative is perfectly filled with satirical imagination. The hearers are introduced to Sarosh, a friend of Nariman and the topic of the narrative. Upon geting at the determination to emigrate to Canada, Sarosh makes a promise to his female parent that if he is unsuccessful in going wholly integrated into the Canadian civilization by 10 old ages, he will come back to India. The one usage that Sarosh can non look to get the hang is that of being able to utilize the bathroom by sitting down on the lavatory place ; unless he can get the hang this undertaking, how could he claim version with any honestness if the acceptable katharsis continually failed to favor him? ( 733 ) . While we may see the ability to utilize a lavatory decently as being related to Canadian individuality pathetic, it is a really deep and superimposed illustration which justifies the character s concluding. As Canadians, we pride ourselves on bing a Mosaic civilization, but we are non so unfastened to different ways and imposts ( a foreign presence in the stall, non make ing things in the conventional manner ( leads to ) the presence of xenophobia and ill will p.735 ) . Further, Canadians do non travel out of their manner to understand the imposts and jobs of others, as the supervisor illustrates on page 735 when he sends Sarosh off to cover with his job alternatively of seeking to assist ( No job. Just reach your Immigration Aid Society ) . Another satirical image used to stand for the Canadian civilization was the ability to consume Wonder Bread because it is a Canadian staff of life which all happy households eat to be happy in the same manner ; the unhappy households are unhappy in their ain manner by eating other trade names ( 736 ) . The staff of life represents the civilization itself # 8211 ; the implicit in belief of Canadian civilization is that unless you can plunge and incorporate yourself wholly and perfectly into the civilization ( with no hints of other trade names ) so you have been enlightened, and to be enlightened is to be genuinely happy. Dr. No-Ilaaz had a different thought. He was known to bit by bit present little sums of things which people could non absorb so as to construct up an unsusceptibility to the harmful effects # 8211 ; at least that is what we are led to believe at first ( 736 # 8211 ; Coke illustration ) . When Sarosh went to him for aid with his unique job, Dr. No-Ilaaz presented Sarosh with a solution to his job. He proposed a appliance called Crappus Non Interruptus, which worked, with the usage of a remote-control, like a garage-door opener # 8211 ; a solution so far-fetched and pathetic that it forces him ( and the reader ) to believe that it should non be necessary to travel to such lengths to conform to another civilization, and that you should endeavor to continue your ain individuality. In showing this quandary for the reader to chew over, you come to the realisation that if you make great forfeits to conform to another civilization, so you are losing a portion of yourself in order to go more like the Other. This construct can be related to Blake s provinces of artlessness and experience ; one time you let the experience of the maestro civilization return over, so the artlessness and pureness of your original individuality will be lost everlastingly, as you will neer be able to return back to the guiltless province # 8211 ; one time exposed to see, you are everlastingly experienced. Dr. No farther explains the construct of hybridity ; he relays the inquiry that if more people conform to the maestro civilization, so it could do jobs. When he states you could be sharing the codification with others. Then the hazard of accidents becomes greater ( 738 ) he is mentioning to the fact that as more and more people are hybridized, the pureness of the native civilization is dead and gone, everlastingly. Upon make up ones minding non to take advantage of the intervention, Sarosh resigns himself to the sentiment that he will neer be genuinely Canadian and makes the determination to return place to India. Finally, when on the plane, Sarosh achieves success on the lavatory and eventually considers himself Canadian. Too late to acquire off of the plane, he comforts himself with the fact that he has, in fact, achieved his end. What he discovers upon his reaching place is that Dr. No-Ilaaz was right # 8211 ; one time Sarosh crossed over into the kingdom of Canadian-ism, he could no longer be considered Parsi. Everything in India became foreign to him, as the European influence changed the manner he perceived things. The terminal consequence was entire supplanting from both civilizations in which he so wanted to be a portion and remain a portion of. Sarosh subsequently relates this narrative to his friend Nariman, saying that for some ( integrating ) was good and for some it was bad, but for me life in the land of milk and honey was merely a hurting in the buttocks # 8221 ; .

1968 Life Essays - Vietnam War, Counterculture Of The 1960s

1968 Life Essays - Vietnam War, Counterculture Of The 1960s 1968 Life Analysis of Life for 1968 The year 1968 was a time of war, civil rights movements, and riots. Many big events took place during 1968. Many lives were changed by these events. Out if the 1960s, 1968 stands out the most. In January of 1968 the United States thought that the Vietnam War was coming to a close, but President Johnson made a statement that changed the direction of Vietnam. President Johnson said the South Vietnamese could not win. This caused the South Vietnamese could not win. This caused the South Vietnamese to launch the Tet Offensive. This shocked the United States, and caused the war to linger on for several more years. The Tet Offensive spread from the cities of Mekong Delta, to Saigon, and north to the highlands. In February of 1968 major politicians spoke against the Vietnam War. New York senator Robert Kennedy, a Democrat, showed a blistering attack on the war by charging that there was not any prospect for victory. Another senator Jacob Javits, called military victory illusory he said, it is time to end the Americanization of the war. Vietnam caused many disagreements, and it broke up families due to men and women losing their lives to serve their country. During 1968 there were many questions about the presidency. On March 31, 1968 in a decision that stunned political friends and many others, President Johnson announced that he would not seek, nor would he accept the nomination of his party for president. Johnson said he was withdrawing in the name of national unity. This sparked many questions throughout the nation. People wondered who would become the next president of the United States. Their questions were answered very soon. In August of 1968, Richard Nixon, the old pro of the Republican Party, was nominated for president. On November 6, 1968 Richard M. Nixon was elected President of the United States. On April 5, 1968 the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King was fatally shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. The death of the 39 year-old civil rights leader sent shock waves throughout much of the city and the nation. His death enraged the nations black society, triggering riots in major cities. Some people said that Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King was a nonviolent man who drew violence to himself. Later on in 1968 the blacks were gaining more and more attention. Black females were beginning to get involved in politics. On November 5, 1968 for the first time in American history a black female by the name of Shirley Chisholm, defeated James Farmer in the 12th Congressional District in Brooklyn for a seat in the House of Representatives. This encouraged many black females to become interested in politics. It also gave them hope to become something greater. Nineteen sixty-eight was also a time for the Summer Olympics. The Olympics were held in Mexico. They survived student riots, the banning of black militant demonstrations, and other obstacles. The American athletes brought home forty-five gold medals, twenty-eight silver, and thirty-four bronze medals. The United States continued its domination of basketball, but this time against stiff odds. This showed the United States that America could overcome any type of adversity to win. During 1968 there were many advertisements just as there are today. There were advertisements for cars, cigarettes, and beer. Today there are advertisements for the same things. A Chevrolet Tri-level, which looked like a station wagon, was popular in 1968. Today, instead of driving a station wagon people drive SUVs or mini-vans. Another type of car that was widely advertised was the wide track 1968 Pontiac. The wide track car was made popular again in the nineties. There were many different types of cigarette advertisements. One type was the Bull Durham, which was a slow burning type of cigarette. Today this type of cigarette is no longer around. Another type that appeared often in advertisements was the Paul Mall brand. A type of beer that was popular in 1968 and is still popular today is Miller Beer. Nineteen sixty-eight was also when TV dinners became popular especially Swanson frozen dinners. Women were beginning to leave the home for the workforce and this caused the number of f rozen dinner companies to

Free Essays on Masks Of Africa

Masks of Africa: Since the earliest times masks have played an important role in the culture of Africa. Masks have varied in appearance and function. Many masks are associated with religious ceremonies, myth, dance, rituals or are concerned with spirits of the dead, rites, or even curing sickness. The mask has been used by the Africans mainly to solve major human and social problems. When a man wears a mask his identity is hidden and the expression on the mask projects a new identity. If the features on the mask are unnatural such as an abstract from an animal, it will make the mask emit a more effective and dramatic identity. Because the person is wearing a mask the human identity is hidden so the viewer is unsettled, this causes the man wearing the mask to be strange or unpredictable, this leads the viewer to become fascinated so the masked man can deceive the viewer. Masks representing harmful spirits were often used to keep a required balance of power. This type of mask was often associated with secret societies, especially in Africa, which has the greatest variety of masks on Earth. In ancient Egypt priests used masks to represent gods. Masks were also placed upon the face of mummies to keep alive the appearance of the deceased after death or to give a boost to him and his image. Masks use different facial features such as idealizing human features, frightening features, animal features and naturalistic features to give a deeper meaning to what the mask is meant to express. Masks were often used as a form of ranking in villages, for example a mighty warrior who is known to have a lot of strength would be presented with a mask that would describe this type of strength (e.g. a wolf’s mask) whereas the village’s leader would have a distinct mask that no one else has, as a symbol of his power and status in the elite, e.g. (an eagle’s mask). Masks may also be used to help identify the members of a village or tribe by hav... Free Essays on Masks Of Africa Free Essays on Masks Of Africa Masks of Africa: Since the earliest times masks have played an important role in the culture of Africa. Masks have varied in appearance and function. Many masks are associated with religious ceremonies, myth, dance, rituals or are concerned with spirits of the dead, rites, or even curing sickness. The mask has been used by the Africans mainly to solve major human and social problems. When a man wears a mask his identity is hidden and the expression on the mask projects a new identity. If the features on the mask are unnatural such as an abstract from an animal, it will make the mask emit a more effective and dramatic identity. Because the person is wearing a mask the human identity is hidden so the viewer is unsettled, this causes the man wearing the mask to be strange or unpredictable, this leads the viewer to become fascinated so the masked man can deceive the viewer. Masks representing harmful spirits were often used to keep a required balance of power. This type of mask was often associated with secret societies, especially in Africa, which has the greatest variety of masks on Earth. In ancient Egypt priests used masks to represent gods. Masks were also placed upon the face of mummies to keep alive the appearance of the deceased after death or to give a boost to him and his image. Masks use different facial features such as idealizing human features, frightening features, animal features and naturalistic features to give a deeper meaning to what the mask is meant to express. Masks were often used as a form of ranking in villages, for example a mighty warrior who is known to have a lot of strength would be presented with a mask that would describe this type of strength (e.g. a wolf’s mask) whereas the village’s leader would have a distinct mask that no one else has, as a symbol of his power and status in the elite, e.g. (an eagle’s mask). Masks may also be used to help identify the members of a village or tribe by hav...

Corporate citizenship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corporate citizenship - Essay Example in education and earning satisfactory returns on resources drawn from the community by avoiding exploitation. This concept in many instances is taken to be a philanthropic move by companies but this is not the case. It is rather a well thought out process whose execution has followed clear business strategies. This process for the management is not that easy as they need to balance the company’s profitability goals as well as society’s needs (both in short and long-term basis). There are certain benchmarks that can be followed e.g. the Millennium Development Goals and NEPAD (Levine 2010). Companies invest huge resources towards Corporate Citizenship and it can therefore make one wonder what they stand to gain while considering on one hand that a business’ business is business and not diversion of resources to non-business ventures (Levine 2010). Businesses engage in Corporate Citizenship primarily to benefit the community in which they operate. However, this act trickles down to the business in form of; better financial performance due to marketing concept coupled with the program, lower employee turnover and higher morale, reduced regulatory supervision, customer loyalty and brand image enhancement being one of the key

Intro to MacroEcon - College level - 8 questions total - some Essay

Intro to MacroEcon - College level - 8 questions total - some paragraph-long answers and some graphs - Essay Example Essentially the Fed tries to moderate the natural effects of the business cycle. It looks to cool rapid expansion to control prices and moderate the resulting downturn. When the economy is contracting or not expanding sufficiently they look to increase economic activity thereby helping the economy maintain full employment. The main tool the Fed has is to modify short term interest rates through open market activities. These actions are undertaken by the Federal Open Market Committee which sets the federal funds rate. The Fed also makes loans through the discount window these loans increase the money supply. Loans taken through the discount window are taken at a rate below the federal funds rate. Though less often employed, the Fed can also modify the required reserve ratio. This is the amount of funds that banks are required to keep in their vaults compared to the amount loaned out. Increasing the reserve ratio has the effect of pulling money out of the system. Decreasing the reserve ratio has the effect of increasing the amount of money in the system. 3B) I agree with Bernanke’s remarks and logic on the state of the economy as well as the necessity of using unconventional monetary policy. I do have concerns that longer term policy may be more difficult to back out of once implemented. The continued high unemployment rate as well as low levels of growth merit additional monetary measures like those employed by the Fed. Core inflation remains low so expansionary policies do not yet risk triggering excessive inflation. To fulfill its mandate the Fed should look to tools such as moderating medium term interest rates. While controversial it reinforces expectations of a low interest rate environment in the short term. 4A) The economy does not have sufficient private sector demand to sustain economic growth at the levels needed to recover to the

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age Research Paper

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age - Research Paper Example In the wrong hands, unauthorized access to information may lead to the destruction of vital information or usage of information for destructive purposes. Another way through which individuals can access private information is through phishing. Spear-phishing, in particular, has become increasingly common. It involves hacking individuals’ computers or accounts by sending e-mails to individuals’ accounts. These e-mails often get citizens to provide sensitive information. They are personal, crafty and deceitful messages that easily pass security protections. According to security software maker RSA, about one in every 300 emails in 2011 was a phish. Data cables are also used to access private information. Network cabling companies collect personal and non-personal information. Different cabling companies have different terms of use in regard to privacy. The companies, through their websites, collect information ranging from names, physical address, e-mail address, age, pas sword and other information necessary to conduct business with these companies. This information may then be used to facilitate citizens’ use of websites, to send information to citizens and to conduct business. ... Access to private information may lead to crimes such as identity theft, fraud, defamation, slandering and discriminatory practices. Also, gaining access to confidential information increases the risks of such information being disclosed. This causes dissatisfaction and encourages mistrust in individuals. In America, identity theft has become increasingly common and it destroys an individual’s financial reputation. Invasion of personal privacy shows inefficiency on the government’s part and other organizations that keep citizens’ records. Access to private citizen information through computer applications has greatly facilitated investigations into financial crimes, drug crimes and sex crimes (Soghoian, 2011, 18-20). Therefore, law enforcers are able to track crimes across borders. Because criminals have established highly complex networks across the globe, computer applications enable law enforcers to deter international crimes. Technological advancements go a g reat length in facilitating security and policing. Through soliciting â€Å"suspicious information†, the police and law enforcers can prevent crimes that threaten humanity and the dignity of humanity such as terrorism and identity theft. Determine what measures citizens can take to protect private information or information they do not want to be disclosed. To guard private information, citizens can implement measures that recognize the dangers of unwarranted access to private information. Preventive measures should be promoted to limit these dangers.

Examining Guillain Barre Syndrome

Examining Guillain Barre Syndrome Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune mediated polyneuropathy that occurs in previously healthy individuals. The purpose of this paper is to provide readers with an understanding of Guillain Barre and conflictions GBS has with other medical resources and diseases. Included in this research paper are topics on origin, symptoms, treatments, medications and conflictions of medical resources with Guillain Barre. Guillain-Barre Syndrome is an acute autoimmune disease that changes the peripheral nervous system and less commonly the motor or cranial nerves. GBS is random producing no warning and is an inflammatory condition that can lead to progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. It is a very rare sight in emergency departments and differentiating its early stages from common viral illnesses is also extremely difficult. Inflammation of the peripheral nerves affect the arms and legs resulting in impaired function, weakness, loss of feeling and limb paralysis with or without pain. Guillain-BarreÂÂ ´ syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy with a worldwide incidence of 1-4 patients per 100 000 inhabitants (European Journal of Neurology 2008, p. 1332). Disease Name and Synonyms The syndrome was named after the French physicians Guillain, Barre and Strohl, who were the first to describe it in 1916. It is sometimes called Landrys paralysis, after the French physician who first described a variant of it in 1859. (All about Guillain Barre Syndrome. (01-2009) symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.jsmarcussen.com/gbs/uk/symptoms.htm) GBS is not just one disease the syndrome has several variations differentiated by their symptoms, the infections preceding it, the extent of the inflammatory phase, severity, and disorder site. Common variations of the disorder are as follows: Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP) which is the most frequent form of GBS in the Western part of the World. Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN), Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) and the cranial nerve variant of GBS called Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS) are all forms of GBS but are not as common as AIDP. Symptoms Symptoms usually begin in the patients feet, face or hands it spread to the arms or legs, it increase in potency as symptoms travel towards the midpoint of the body. The symptoms commonly play a part on both left and right sides of the body. GBS is so irregular that motor symptoms or interferences in the autonomous system may not be detected. It has been reported in rarer cases that GBS has affected an arm or leg without spreading to the rest of the individuals body. (All about Guillain Barre Syndrome. (01-2009) symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.jsmarcussen.com/gbs/uk/symptoms.htm) In some patients, the skin acquires hyperalgesia, or sensitivity to touch intensifies by bed sheets, socks and close-fitting shoes; in severe circumstances pain may limit walking. Patients with symptoms constrained to the feet and ankles may notice related symptoms in the fingertips; as the symptoms expand to the knees they possibly will extend to the wrists. Seldom do these symptoms spread out beyond the knees into other parts of the body. Elevation of leucocytes and protein in the cerebrospinal fluid strongly indicates a diagnosis of GBS. The patient loses the capacity to tell the difference amongst hot and cold, and may feel cold or may possibly start to sweat for no apparent reason. The patients may even receive injures without noticing; their sense of taste can be affected; motor nerve fibers may be damaged as well. The patient encounters a communication interruption between what he wants to perform and his ability to perform the desired act; because the motor nerves regulate movement, the damage inflicted to them triggers partial or complete blockage of the motor signals. The body surface affected by the damaged nerves drops its ability to function normally, causing reduced movement or coordination. The patients muscles dwindle and waste; tendon reflexes are diminished or lost. An example of this is when slightly striking on the front of the patients knee and that act not inducing a kick reaction. Advanced weakening or paralysis could occur, on average arising in the feet, hands or face. The paralysis characteristically consists of more than one extremity, most frequently the legs. The paralysis is persistent and usually rising; expanding to the rest of the limb, and from there may extend to other extremities such as the legs, arms and the remainder of the body. Legs feel heavy; it becomes problematic to stand or climb flight of steps, or even to walk. The patient may struggle holding and manipulating objects, such as pins and buttons. Arms may seem weak and the patient will no longer be able to lift heavy objects. The weakness may possibly be complemented by pain and involuntary muscle contractions. Constipation is more often a predicament, due to the condensed movement of the intestines, modification of diets, declining stomach muscles that contest the physical exertion by the individual to force out the intestinal contents. Around 28% of patients with the syndrome endure and are able to walk unaided. In certain cases, the face could be affected when injury occurs to the cranial nerves. These nerves attach the brain en route to the muscles of the face, tongue and jaw, and also regulate the muscles that move the patients head, neck and shoulders. While the paralysis evolves, all these regions may be paralyzed. The eyelids or one side of the face possibly will hang down resembling Bells palsy; the face loses its ability to express emotions. The individuals voice may change given that the vocal chords are impaired. Speech may be incomprehensible, because the number of muscles required to form speech are declining. Deafness is rare but then again has been reported. The progressive weakness has affected patients with varying intensities, and may be life threatening. The autonomic nerve system may be disrupted with the combination of pain, weakness, and sensory disruptions that are generally so frightening that the more inconspicuous alterations in the patients autonomous nerve system might be unnoticed. The autonomous nervous system controls the inner organs, the organs functions are carried out automatically, examples of this is when the body secrets hormones, creates vision, urination, breathing, heartbeat, etc. It is these functions that may be disrupted, which will result in arrhythmia, unstable blood pressure, blurred or double vision, vertigo, fainting spells, inability to regulate the body temperature, trouble breathing, reduced ability to control the function of the stomach, digestive system and bladder, loss of weight, vomiting after meals, reduced function of various glands, incontinence, impotency, and the bladder may feel as it is not being emptied no matter how many times it is expelled. It is also very well noted that most patients have had a common infection three weeks prior to GBS and it seems that the infection triggers the onset of GBS. Treatment Treatment options for GBS focus on lessening the severity of the symptoms and accelerating recovery. Three main therapies are used to achieve this: intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange and CSF filtration. Intravenous immunoglobulin is understood to block the receptors on microphages preventing an attack on the Schwann cells and myelin. Plasma exchange works by circulating blood through a machine which removes antibodies, and replacing fluid loss with albumin. Cerebrospinal fluid filtration, which removes cells, including inflammatory mediators, is less commonly used. Research suggests that intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange are the most common and effective treatment for GBS, when started within the first 2 weeks of syndromes onset. Quick intervention using either one of these treatments appears to be successful and may possibly reduce recovery time. Both treatments are very good and neither is superior to the other, and there is no advantage to merging these treat ments. The main treatment for GBS is preventing and dealing with the complications (such as breathing complications or infections) and providing supportive care until symptoms begin to improve. This may include; reducing your breathing difficulties, sometimes with the help of a breathing machine, monitoring your blood pressure and heart rate is also good preventative care. Providing adequate nutrition if you have problems chewing and swallowing is also a key to overcoming this syndrome. The patent should attend physical therapy to help maintain muscle strength and flexibility. Preventing and treating complications such as pneumonia, blood clots in the legs, or urinary tract infections. Other treatment of (GBS) depends on how severe your symptoms are. Careful monitoring is very important during the early stages of GBS because life threatening complications can occur within twenty four hours after symptoms first start. Conflictions of Medical Resources with Guillain Barre In 1976, vaccination against a new swine influenza A (H1N1) virus was linked to a substantial increased risk for GBS in the forty two days after vaccination (approximately 10 excess cases per 1 million vaccinations) considerations of ending the immunization program where taken into account despite the circumstantial severity of the influenza viruss transmission around the world. There are certain circumstances in which immunizing individuals, particularly those with a prior history of GBS, may call for caution. However, the benefit of inoculations in averting disease and decreasing morbidity and mortality, particularly for influenza, needs to be weighed against the potential risk of GBS. Destruction of the axonal or myelin membranes could presumably be mediated directly by vaccine virus or vaccine-associated products, or infection or damage of surrounding supporting cells by virus could lead to insertion of virus specified polypeptides into host cell membranes, resulting in a humeral or cell-mediated autoimmune response to the infected cell. Finally, axons or myelin cells could potentially be damaged by the introduction of sequestered myelin antigens into the circulation, inciting autoimmunity. Moreover, it is likely that host factors and genetic polymorphisms may result in a predisposition to GBS in some individuals. Several studies have suggested that various polymorphisms, including genes of the T-cell glycolipid. Recovery Making a prediction about recovery is impossible. Recovery begins as abruptly and mysteriously as when GBS symptoms first started to appear. The symptoms fade gradually, but could take weeks, months or even years to finally get rid of. The development of the disease fluctuates for each patient. Recovery takes 3 to 6 months for most people, and only about two thirds of them ever recover completely. As tingling, numbness and pain dissipates, strength comes back to the affected parts of the body, mostly in the reverse order of sequence as when the signs first appeared. This indicates that in most cases, the arms and fingers will regain their strength prior to the legs, however right handed patients may experience there muscle strength returning to their left hand before their right hand. Axonal damage begins to be repaired; the axon grows little by little and is increasingly wrapped by myelin. The myelin sheath can grow outward in as little as a couple of days, while it could take longer for the body to repair a damaged axon. Example of this is a motor nerve that is regenerated at a rate of 1 mm/day, so it can take weeks if not months to restore a damaged nerve. Demyelination is then repaired by the regeneration of the myelin sheath. The rate of regenerating myelination depends on the amount of damage. The sheath consists of multiple layers that grow back gradually; the myelin has to have a particular thickness prior to the nerve cells recapturing its ability to transmit impulses. The myelin sheath may never regain its normal thickness. These facets decrease the nerve signal transmission speed forever, after the patient has recovered from GBS. Research on the use of treatments that speed up the growth of motor nerves is under way but no one will know when they will arrive or if they will ever arrive. There is no feasible way in predicting which nerves will regenerate. Research states that damaged axons are not restored, and that the surrounding axons send branches out that take over the roles of the impaired nerves, in the affected part of the body. The area could function again, and it may seem as if the muscle has regained full strength, but the muscle and nerves have to work harder to carry out the same job and they end up tiring faster than was the case prior to GBS.

Evolution vs. Creation Essay -- essays research papers

Don’t Monkey Around in Class   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth† (Gen. 1:1). Words of this nature have been questioned for thousands of years—by naturalists, materialists, humanists, etc.—and, in more recent times, have led to court cases, heated arguments, and public debates. The major debate intended to be covered in this piece is that of whether or not evolution should be taught in classrooms. Also, if it is to be taught, should it be taught as fact or theory? It is also intended to present enough evidence to disprove evolution altogether and, as a result, make it much less than a theory, but actually the vain opinions of a man who chose not to accept the truth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The entire point of this essay is to breakdown the theory of evolution, invalidate its scientific reliability, and support the necessity of showing its errors and inaccuracies in classroom textbooks side-by-side with creationism. To date, evolution is being taught in public schools as the only theory of origins. Creationism must be included as the only alternative and evolution discredited because of its invalidity. On the other hand, Steve Edinger, a biologist at Ohio University, warned members of the House Education Committee about presenting alternative evidence against evolution, saying it â€Å"was not scientific† and disservices the students. He continues, â€Å"One would wonder what would happen if a teacher spent half a period explai...